How to Create a Raspberry Pi Bitcoin Miner

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If you don’t know already, Bitcoin is a virtual currency set up in 2009. Bitcoin has grown in reputation over the past few years becoming a very popular as a method to pay for services over the internet. The value has rocketed recently thanks to the huge coverage in the media, for both positive and negative reasons.
There are two ways to get Bitcoin:
  1. Buying them from an exchange, which is the process of converting local currency to Bitcoin.
  2. Mining them. Mining is the process of verifying transactions in the blockchain.
As the whole of the Bitcoin system is decentralised, every transaction is publically viewable within what is called the blockchain. This blockchain contains every bitcoin exchanged between users so, as there is no central server, it has to be self governed. This is the job of the miners.

Requirements

In order to mine Bitcoin, you will 
  • A pool account
  • Bitcoin Wallet
  • Raspberry Pi
  • Raspbian image SD card
  • USB Bitcoin miner

Creating an Account

There are two things you need to do:
  1. Download a bitcoin wallet
  2. Create a pool account
  3. Set up payment
  4. Set up workers

Download a Bitcoin Wallet

A wallet is a program that sits on your computer and gives you a wallet address, this is a unique string of numbers and letters that you will use to receive bitcoins. Download the client for your computer from https://bitcoin.org/en/download
After installation, you will have to save a file called wallet.dat, keep this file safe, as this contains your unique wallet address within it, including all bitcoins that you will gain. If you lose this file, you cannot recover any bitcoins it contained.

Create a Pool Account

Once you have a wallet address, create a pool account. A pool is a huge collection of other people working towards gaining bitcoins. Due to the complexity of mining a bitcoin, it has become unrealistic to solo mine–the act of processing millions of numbers to solve the block problem. Working as a group, or pool, lets everyone have a chance of earning some Bitcoin. There are many pools around, in this tutorial I’ll be using one called Slush’s pool: http://mining.bitcoin.cz/

Set Up Payment

Once you have created a pool account, you'll need to enter your unique wallet address into the Bitcoin payout address.

Create Worker Account

Next step is to create a worker login account. Within your pool account you have the ability to create something called a worker for each of your bitcoin miners, so you're able to monitor them all separately just in case one should fail. 
Each worker has its own login name and password. Whilst you are on My Accountclick Register New Worker and give it a name, for example; worker, and a password.
Now you're ready to set your Raspberry Pi mining for Bitcoin.

Setting Up the Raspberry Pi

Start with a fresh Raspbian install, if you don’t know who to do this, read the tutorial How to Install NOOBS on a Raspberry Pi With a Mac. 
If you plan on running more than one Bitcoin miner at the same time, it is best to use a powered USB hub. Take into account the power rating as mining will need a lot of power, as much as one mp per miner.
With your USB miner attached to your Raspberry Pi, let’s get everything installed.

Installing Required libraries

The miner to be installed comes as source files, which means that the program must be compiled into a binary before it can be run. To make a program, in this case BFGMiner, many dependencies are required. 
Dependencies are additional software, or libraries the program needs in order to compile properly, as it has been developed using them to make the software more efficient.
Hopefully you will be seeing the Raspbian desktop, so double click on LXTerminal and type in the following:
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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install autoconf autogen libtool uthash-dev libjansson-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libusb-dev libncurses-dev git-core –y
This process will take a few minutes to complete.

Installing BFGMiner

Once all the dependencies have been installed, now it is time to download and install BFGMiner, so type the following into LXTerminal. It’s normal for these to take a few minutes to complete so some patience is needed.
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git clone https://github.com/luke-jr/bfgminer.git
cd bfgminer
./autogen.sh
./configure
make
You will be greeted with a screen that looks similar to the following:

Start Mining Bitcoin

Now you’re ready to start mining. To do this, providing you're using Slush’s pool, you’ll use the following command:
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./bfgminer -o stratum.bitcoin.cz:3333 -O username.worker:password -S all
The username section is composed of two parts, the username that you use to login to the pool, and worker which is the worker name you gave when you registered the worker. Finally, the password that was set when you created the worker.
If everything works, you will see the main screen that will look similar to this:
That’s a lot of numbers, so I’ll make some of them a bit clearer.
  1. Current mining speed, typically calculated in megahashes or gigahashes. The number of hashes a second that can be calculated the better. A hash is an algorithm of converting numbers and letters into an undecryptable set of characters. So a miner is used to process millions of numbers in an effort to match the hash to guess the original number. The more hashes that can be processed the faster it is able to solve the problem.
  2. Number of accepted shares. A share on a pool is to show the miner has successfully worked out a given problem, so the more shares you can process the better your reward from the pool.
  3. Detailed information on accepted shares and pool updates. This is a running log of what is currently happening with the miners and basic pool information, such as messages of updates and when new blocks are found.
More information can be found at the BFGminer github site.

Conclusion

Following these steps will leave you with a very energy efficient bitcoin miner, as a Raspberry Pi only uses four watts of power, and a miner is typically 2.5W. Mining used to be done with computers consuming over 700W for the same process so to make a jump in savings helps repay the cost of the hardware we are using.
All there is to do now is to sit back and watch the money slowly build up. Though it is important that you understand that Bitcoin value fluctuates wildly, it is extremely volatile, so invest at your own risk.
For more information there are a number of websites and forums available, such ashttps://bitcointalk.org/,to help get you started.